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The potential verb form in Japanese is used to express the ability or possibility of performing an action. It is created by conjugating verbs in a specific way. Here's a brief explanation:

Formation:
To create the potential form, you generally replace the last syllable (る) of a verb with 〜られる for u-verbs (verbs that end in -る) and 〜れる for ru-verbs (verbs that end in -る, excluding certain irregular verbs).

For u-verbs (e.g., 食べる - to eat):

Positive: Remove る and add られる (e.g., 食べられる - can eat)
Negative: Remove る and add られない (e.g., 食べられない - cannot eat)
For ru-verbs (e.g., 見る - to see):

Positive: Remove る and add れる (e.g., 見られる - can see)
Negative: Remove る and add れない (e.g., 見られない - cannot see)
Examples:

食べる (Taberu) - to eat

食べられる (Taberareru) - can eat
食べられない (Taberarenai) - cannot eat
見る (Miru) - to see

見られる (Mirareru) - can see
見られない (Mirarenai) - cannot see
Usage:
The potential form is often used to express one's ability or permission to do something, and it can be used in various tenses. It's also used to describe the potential for an action to happen.

Example Sentences:

彼は日本語が話せる。 (Kare wa Nihongo ga hanaseru.)

Translation: He can speak Japanese.
この本は読める。 (Kono hon wa yomeru.)

Translation: I can read this book.
雨が降れば、行けません。 (Ame ga fureba, ikemasen.)

Translation: If it rains, I cannot go.
In these examples, the potential form is used to convey the ability or possibility of performing the action.

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