国立アメリカ歴史博物館さんのインスタグラム写真 - (国立アメリカ歴史博物館Instagram)「100 years ago today, Congress approves the 19th Amendment. The next day, this gold pen is used to sign the amendment's joint resolution. After the signing ceremony, members of Congress presented the pen to representatives of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, who later donated it to the @smithsonian. The 19th Amendment then went through a ratification battle that lasted for more than a year, culminating in its ratification in August 1920. 🗳️ The 19th Amendment was only one milestone in the longer history of women's fight for the ballot. Before its approval, many U.S. states had already granted women full or partial voting rights. Modeled after the 15th Amendment, the 19th Amendment did not explicitly guarantee women the right to vote in the United States. Instead, it stipulated that citizens' right to vote could not be "denied or abridged...on account of sex." After the amendment's ratification, many more women were able to vote in U.S. elections. Others—especially women of color—were kept from the polls through a combination of violence, intimidation, and other restrictions like poll taxes, literacy tests, complex registration systems, and whites-only primaries. Further legislation, court victories, and social movements were needed to ensure that all American women would be able to exercise their right to vote. ☑️ Today, we and other organizations will be marking this 100th anniversary for the 19th Amendment by sharing objects and stories that explore the past, present, and future of women's suffrage. We hope you'll join us! #19thAt100 #BecauseOfHerStory #WomensSuffrage #WomanSuffrage #WomenVote100 #HerVote100 #RightfullyHers #WomensHistory #AmericanHistory #SuffrageHistory #VoteHistory #PoliticalHistory #CivilRightsHistory #FreedomStruggle #AmericanDemocracy #NationWeBuildTogether」6月4日 21時29分